The taxonomy of sharks and rays is a subject that remains in hot debate. Although the majority of elasmobranch families have been nailed down there will always be individual species that don’t quite fit the characteristics of their sibling species. Consequently species are occasionally reclassified or simply listed as awaiting review. One of the most confusing of families is the Potamotrygonidae – the fresh water stingrays of South America. Not only do these ray species adopt extremely varied patterns that are sometimes visually indistinguishable from other species, they also produce hybrids in certain parts of their ranges leaving us wondering what exactly a true species is anyway.
Among shark taxonomists conservative estimates of the number of known shark species has now exceeded 500. Combined with 700 or more species of rays and skates, there are well over a thousand valid species of elasmobranchs. In the past, many more species were described only to be discounted later as being synonymous with elasmobranchs already described from other geographic areas. In recent years, this problem has lessened because taxonomic data has become easier to share over the internet. However, taxonomists are as vain as the rest of us and in their efforts to be the first to describe (and name) a new species, there is often a counterproductive lack of collaboration.
Some abyssal species have been described from only one or two specimens captured during deep water trawls. This implies that in all likelihood there are many shark and ray species lurking on the abyssal plain that have not yet been seen or captured; the best example being the relatively recent discovery of the Megamouth Shark. If this large and slow moving shark could remain hidden until the 1980’s, who knows how many other elasmobranchs have gone unnoticed!
Following is a list (in need of an update) of all the described species of elasmobranchs. Included at the bottom are the Holocephali (the chimaeras or ghost sharks) that share many characteristics with modern sharks and rays but are thought to be descended from a different group of cartilaginous fishes or ‘proto-sharks’ that thrived during the Late Devonian Period.

Newly described sharks and rays
Occasionally new species of sharks and rays are described by science. In some cases they have been well known for a while e.g. the Western wobbegong but no one has gotten around to describing them in enough detail to be accepted by peer review. More exciting is when a deep water trawl or a lucky diving expedition uncovers a species that the scientific community was completely unaware of.
If you have information about new species that I have not yet added, please email me the information and I will add it to the list: info(at)sharksandrays.com
Description of the Dasyatidae – Whiptail Stingrays
Includes a key to identifying the genus of the Dasyatidae (Whiptail stingrays).
Description of the Potamotrygonidae – River Stingrays
Includes a key to identifying the genus of the Potamotrygonidae (River Stingrays).
Kingdom Metazoa – Animals

Phylum Chordata
Animals that at some point in their life cycle have the following: Pharyngeal slits (a series of openings connecting the inside of the throat to the outside of the neck. In fish these become gill slits), a dorsal nerve cord (a bundle of nerve fibres running down the back, connecting the brain with the organs and extremities), a notochord (a cartilaginous rod supporting the nerve cord), and a post anal tail (an extension of the ‘back’ past the anal opening).

Subphylum Vertebrata
Animals with a vertibral column or backbone and neural crest cells which are released as the nerve cord is forming, these cells move through the body to form major nerves, neural ganglia, and many head and facial features. Other features that separate vertebrates from other chordates include: a relatively well-developed brain, paired complex eyes, a muscularized mouth and pharynx, and a well-developed circulatory system with a heart.

Class Chondrichthyes
Cartilaginous fishes lacking true bone. Chondrichthyes can be split into two distinct subclasses ELASMOBRANCHII and BRADYODONTI.

Subclass Elasmobranchii
Sharks, Skates and Rays (and some fossil relatives). Elasmobranchs have an upper jaw that is not fused to the braincase and separate slitted gill openings.
Shark Orders (Selache)
Hexanchiformes – Sixgill, Sevengill and Frilled Sharks
Squaliformes – Dogfish Sharks, sleeper sharks, gulper sharks and lantern sharks
Pristiophoriformes – Sawsharks
Squatiniformes – Angelsharks
Heterodontiformes – Bullhead Sharks
Orectolobiformes – Carpetsharks
Lamniformes – Mackerel Sharks
Carcharhiniformes – Ground Sharks
Ray Orders
Torpediniformes – Electric rays
Myliobatiformes – Stingrays, Eagle rays, Butterfly rays, Devil rays, Cownose rays
Pristiformes – Sawfishes
Rhinobatiformes – Guitarfishes
Rajiformes – Skates

Subclass Holocephali
Includes forms with an upper jaw fused to the braincase and a flap of skin, the operculum, covering the gill slits. The Holocephalii includes the chimaeras and ratfishes, which are relatively rare, often deep-water, mollusc-eating forms.
Chimaera Orders
Chimaeriformes – Chimaeras
Infraclass Euselachii – Sharks
Order CARCHARHINIFORMES - Ground Sharks
Family CARCHARHINIDAE – Requiem Sharks
Carcharhinus acronotus – Blacknose shark
Carcharhinus albimarginatus – Silvertip shark
Carcharhinus altimus – Bignose shark
Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides – Graceful shark
Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos – Grey reef shark
Carcharhinus amboinensis – Pigeye or Java shark
Carcharhinus borneensis – Borneo shark
Carcharhinus brachyurus – Copper shark or bronze whaler
Carcharhinus brevipinna – Spinner shark
Carcharhinus cautus – Nervous shark
Carcharhinus cerdale – Pacific smalltail shark
Carcharhinus coatesi – Coates’s shark
Carcharhinus dussumieri – Whitecheek shark
Carcharhinus falciformis – Silky shark
Carcharhinus fitzroyensis – Creek whaler
Carcharhinus galapagenisis – Galapagos shark
Carcharhinus hemiodon – Pondicherry shark
Carcharhinus humani – Human’s whaler shark
Carcharhinus isodon – Finetooth shark
Carcharhinus leiodon – Smoothtooth blacktip shark
Carcharhinus leucas – Bull or Zambezi shark
Carcharhinus limbatus – Blacktip shark
Carcharhinus longimanus – Oceanic whitetip shark
Carcharhinus macloti – Hardnose shark
Carcharhinus melanopterus – Blacktip reef shark
Carcharhinus obscurus – Dusky shark
Carcharhinus obsolerus – Lost shark
Carcharhinus perezi – Caribbean reef shark
Carcharhinus plumbeus – Sandbar shark
Carcharhinus porosus – Smalltail shark
Carcharhinus sealei – Blackspot shark
Carcharhinus signatus – Night shark
Carcharhinus sorrah – Spottail shark
Carcharhinus tilstoni – Australian blacktip shark
Carcharhinus tjutjot – Indonesian whaler shark
Galeocerdo cuvier – Tiger shark
Glyphis fowlerae – Borneo river shark
Glyphis gangeticus – Ganges shark
Glyphis garricki – Northern river shark
Glyphis glyphis – Speartooth shark
Glyphis siamensis – Irrawaddy river shark
Glyphis sp. – Mukah river shark
Isogomphodon oxyrhynchus – Daggernose shark
Lamiopsis tephrodes – Borneo broadfin shark
Lamiopsis temmincki – Broadfin shark
Loxodon macrorhinus – Sliteye shark
Nasolamia velox – Whitenose shark
Negraprion acutidens – Sharptooth lemon shark
Negraprion brevirostris – Lemon shark
Rhizoprionodon acutus – Milk shark
Rhizoprionodon lalandei – Brazilian sharpnose shark
Rhizoprionodon longurio – Pacific sharpnose shark
Rhizoprionodon oligolinx – Grey sharpnose shark
Rhizopriondon porosus – Carribean sharpnose shark
Rhizopriondon taylori – Australian sharpnose shark
Rhizopriondon terraenovae – Atlantic sharpnose shark
Scoliodon laticaudus – Spadenose shark
Scoliodon macrorhynchos – Pacific spadenose shark
Triaenodon obesus – Whitetip reef shark
Family HEMIGALEIDAE – Weasel Sharks
Chaenogaleus macrostoma – Hooktooth shark
Hemigaleus microstoma – Sicklefin weasel shark
Hemipristis elongatus – Snaggletooth shark
Paragaleus leucolomatus – Whitetip weasel shark
Paragaleus pectoralis – Atlantic weasel shark
Paragaleus tengi – Straighttooth weasel shark
Family LEPTOCHARIIDAE – Barbeled Houndshark
Leptocharias smithii – Barbeled houndshark
Family PROSCYLLIDAE – Finback Catsharks
Ctenacis fehlmanni – Harlequin catshark
Eridacnis barbouri – Cuban ribbontail catshark
Eridacnis radcliffei – Pygmy ribbontail catshark
Eridacnis sinuans – African ribbontail catshark
Gollum attentuatus – Slender smoothhound
Proscyllium habereri – Graceful catshark
Family PSEUDOTRIAKIDAE – False Catsharks
Pseudotriakis microdon – False catshark
Family SCYLIORHINIDAE – Catsharks
Apristurus albisoma – Nakaya & Séret, 1999 (White-bodied catshark)
Apristurus ampliceps – Sasahara, K. Sato & Nakaya, 2008 (Roughskin catshark)
Apristurus aphyodes – Nakaya & Stehmann, 1998 (White ghost catshark)
Apristurus australis – K. Sato, Nakaya & Yorozu, 2008 (Pinocchio catshark)
Apristurus breviventralis – Kawauchi, Weigmann & Nakaya, 2014 (Shortbelly catshark) [2]
Apristurus brunneus – Brown catshark
Apristurus bucephalus – W. T. White, Last & Pogonoski, 2008 (Bighead catshark)
Apristurus canutus – S. Springer & Heemstra, 1979 (Hoary catshark)
Apristurus exsanguis – K. Sato, Nakaya & A. L. Stewart, 1999 (Flaccid catshark)
Apristurus fedorovi – Dolganov, 1985 (Fedorov’s catshark)
Apristurus garricki – K. Sato, A. L. Stewart & Nakaya, 2013 (Garrick’s catshark) [3]
Apristurus gibbosus – Y. T. Chu, Q. W. Meng & S. Li, 1985 (Humpback catshark)
Apristurus herklotsi – Fowler, 1934 (Longfin catshark)
Apristurus indicus – A. B. Brauer, 1906 (Smallbelly catshark)
Apristurus internatus – S. M. Deng, G. Q. Xiong & H. X. Zhan, 1988 (Shortnose demon catshark)
Apristurus investigatoris – Misra, 1962 (Broadnose catshark)
Apristurus japonicus – Nakaya, 1975 (Japanese catshark)
Apristurus kampae – L. R. Taylor, 1972 (Longnose catshark)
Apristurus laurussonii – Sæmundsson, 1922 (Iceland catshark)
Apristurus longicephalus – Nakaya, 1975 (Longhead catshark)
Apristurus macrorhynchus – S. Tanaka (I), 1909 (Flathead catshark)
Apristurus macrostomus – Q. W. Meng, Y. T. Chu & S. Li, 1985 (Broadmouth catshark)
Apristurus manis – S. Springer, 1979 (Ghost catshark)
Apristurus melanoasper – Iglésias, Nakaya & Stehmann, 2004 (Black roughscale catshark)
Apristurus microps – Gilchrist, 1922 (Smalleye catshark)
Apristurus micropterygeus – Q. W. Meng, Y. T. Chu & S. Li, 1986 (Smalldorsal catshark)
Apristurus nakayai – Iglésias, 2013 (Milk-eye catshark) [4]
Apristurus nasutus – F. de Buen, 1959 (Largenose catshark)
Apristurus parvipinnis – S. Springer & Heemstra, 1979 (Smallfin catshark)
Apristurus pinguis – S. M. Deng, G. Q. Xiong & H. X. Zhan, 1983 (Bulldog catshark)
Apristurus platyrhynchus – S. Tanaka (I), 1909 (Spatulasnout catshark or Borneo catshark)
Apristurus profundorum – Goode & T. H. Bean, 1896 (Deepwater catshark)
Apristurus riveri – Bigelow & Schroeder, 1944 (Broadgill catshark)
Apristurus saldanha – Barnard, 1925 (Saldanha catshark)
Apristurus sibogae – M. C. W. Weber, 1913 (Pale catshark)
Apristurus sinensis – Y. T. Chu & A. S. Hu, 1981 (South China catshark)
Apristurus spongiceps – C. H. Gilbert, 1905 (Spongehead catshark)
Apristurus stenseni – S. Springer, 1979 (Panama ghost catshark)
Apristurus sp. X – Not yet described (Galbraith’s catshark)
Apristurus sp. 3 – Not yet described (Black wonder catshark)
Apristurus sp. – nov. Not yet described (White-edged catshark)
Apristurus sp. – Not yet described (Gray ghost catshark)
Asymbolus analis – (J. D. Ogilby, 1885) (Australian spotted catshark)
Asymbolus funebris – Compagno, Stevens & Last, 1999 (Blotched catshark)
Asymbolus galacticus – Séret & Last, 2008 (Starry catshark)
Asymbolus occiduus – Last, M. F. Gomon & Gledhill, 1999 (Western spotted catshark)
Asymbolus pallidus – Last, M. F. Gomon & Gledhill, 1999 (Pale spotted catshark)
Asymbolus parvus – Compagno, Stevens & Last, 1999 (Dwarf catshark)
Asymbolus rubiginosus – Last, M. F. Gomon & Gledhill, 1999 (Orange-spotted catshark)
Asymbolus submaculatus – Compagno, Stevens & Last, 1999 (Variegated catshark)
Asymbolus vincenti – (Zietz (fi), 1908) (Gulf catshark)
Atelomycterus baliensis – W. T. White, Last & Dharmadi, 2005 (Bali catshark)
Atelomycterus erdmanni – Fahmi & W. T. White, 2015 (Spotted-belly catshark) [1]
Atelomycterus fasciatus – Compagno & Stevens, 1993 (Banded sand catshark)
Atelomycterus macleayi – Whitley, 1939 (Australian marbled catshark)
Atelomycterus marmoratus – Coral catshark
Atelomycterus marnkalha – Jacobsen & M. B. Bennett, 2007 (Eastern banded catshark)
Aulohalaelurus kanakorum – Séret, 1990 (Kanakorum catshark)
Aulohalaelurus labiosus – Waite, 1905 (Australian blackspotted catshark)
Bythaelurus alcockii – (Garman, 1913) (Arabian catshark) [1]
Bythaelurus canescens – (Günther, 1878) (Dusky catshark)
Bythaelurus clevai – (Séret, 1987) (Broadhead catshark)
Bythaelurus dawsoni – (S. Springer, 1971) (New Zealand catshark)
Bythaelurus giddingsi – J. E. McCosker, Long & C. C. Baldwin, 2012 (Galápagos catshark)
Bythaelurus hispidus – (Alcock, 1891) (Bristly catshark)
Bythaelurus immaculatus – (Y. T. Chu & Q. W. Meng, 1982) (Spotless catshark)
Bythaelurus incanus – Last & J. D. Stevens, 2008 (Sombre catshark)
Bythaelurus lutarius – (S. Springer & D’Aubrey, 1972) (Mud catshark)
Bythaelurus naylori – Ebert & Clerkin, 2015 (Dusky snout catshark) [1]
Bythaelurus stewarti – Weigmann, Kaschner, and Thiel, 2018 (Error Seamount catshark)[2]
Bythaelurus tenuicephalus – Kaschner, Weigmann & Thiel, 2015 (Narrowhead catshark) [3]
Cephaloscyllium albipinnum – Last, Motomura & W. T. White, 2008 (Whitefin swellshark)
Cephaloscyllium cooki – Last, Séret & W. T. White, 2008 (Cook’s swellshark)
Cephaloscyllium fasciatum – W. L. Y. Chan, 1966 (Reticulated swellshark)
Cephaloscyllium hiscosellum – W. T. White & Ebert, 2008 (Australian reticulate swellshark)
Cephaloscyllium isabellum – Bonnaterre, 1788 (Draughtsboard shark)
Cephaloscyllium laticeps – A. H. A. Duméril, 1853 (Australian swellshark)
Cephaloscyllium pictum – Last, Séret & W. T. White, 2008 (Painted swellshark)
Cephaloscyllium sarawakensis – Ka. Yano, A. Ahmad & Gambang, 2005 (Sarawak pygmy swellshark)
Cephaloscyllium signourum – Last, Séret & W. T. White, 2008 (Flagtail swellshark)
Cephaloscyllium silasi – Talwar, 1974 (Indian swellshark)
Cephaloscyllium speccum – Last, Séret & W. T. White, 2008 (Speckled swellshark)
Cephaloscyllium stevensi – E. Clark & J. E. Randall, 2011 (Steven’s swellshark)
Cephaloscyllium sufflans – Regan, 1921 (Balloon shark)
Cephaloscyllium umbratile – Blotchy swellshark
Cephaloscyllium variegatum – Last, Séret & W. T. White, 2008 (Saddled swellshark)
Cephaloscyllium ventriosum – Swellshark
Cephaloscyllium zebrum – Last, Séret & W. T. White, 2008 (Narrowbar swellshark)
Cephaloscyllium sp. – Not yet described (Philippine swellshark)
Cephaloscyllium sp. – Not yet described (Tiger swellshark)
Cephaloscyllium sp. – Not yet described (New Guinea swellshark)
Cephaloscyllium sp. – Not yet described (Dwarf balloon shark)
Cephaloscyllium sp. – Not yet described (Dwarf oriental swellshark)
Cephaloscyllium sp. – Not yet described (New Caledonia swellshark)
Cephaloscyllium sp. – Not yet described (Red Sea swellshark)
Cephalurus cephalus – Lollipop catshark
Figaro boardmani – (Whitley, 1928) (Australian sawtail catshark)
Figaro striatus – Gledhill, Last & W. T. White, 2008 (Northern sawtail catshark)
Galeus antillensis – S. Springer, 1979 (Antilles catshark)
Galeus arae – Nichols, 1927 (Roughtail catshark)
Galeus atlanticus – Vaillant, 1888 (Atlantic sawtail catshark)
Galeus cadenati – S. Springer, 1966 (Longfin sawtail catshark)
Galeus eastmani – D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1904 (Gecko catshark)
Galeus gracilis – Compagno & Stevens, 1993 (Slender sawtail catshark)
Galeus longirostris – Tachikawa & Taniuchi, 1987 (Longnose sawtail catshark)
Galeus melastomus – Rafinesque, 1810 (Blackmouth catshark)
Galeus mincaronei – Soto, 2001 (Southern sawtail catshark)
Galeus murinus – Collett, 1904 (Mouse catshark)
Galeus nipponensis – Nakaya, 1975 (Broadfin sawtail catshark)
Galeus piperatus – S. Springer & M. H. Wagner, 1966 (Peppered catshark)
Galeus polli – Cadenat, 1959 (African sawtail catshark)
Galeus priapus – Séret & Last, 2008 (Phallic catshark)
Galeus sauteri – D. S. Jordan & R. E. Richardson, 1909 (Blacktip sawtail catshark)
Galeus schultzi – S. Springer, 1979 (Dwarf sawtail catshark)
Galeus springeri – Konstantinou & Cozzi, 1998 (Springer’s sawtail catshark)
Halaelurus boesemani – S. Springer & D’Aubrey, 1972 (Speckled catshark)
Halaelurus buergeri – (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1838) (Blackspotted catshark)
Halaelurus lineatus – Bass, D’Aubrey & Kistnasamy, 1975 (Lined catshark)
Halaelurus maculosus – W. T. White, Last & Stevens, 2007 (Indonesian speckled catshark)
Halaelurus natalensis – Tiger catshark
Halaelurus quagga – (Alcock, 1899) (Quagga catshark)
Halaelurus sellus – W. T. White, Last & Stevens, 2007 (Rusty catshark)
Haploblepharus edwardsii – Puffadder shyshark
Haploblepharus fuscus – (J. L. B. Smith, 1950) Brown shyshark
Haploblepharus kistnasamyi – (Human & Compagno, 2006) Natal shyshark
Haploblepharus pictus – Dark shyshark
Holohalaelurus favus – Human, 2006 (Honeycomb Izak)
Holohalaelurus grennian – Human, 2006 (Grinning Izak)
Holohalaelurus melanostigma – (Norman, 1939) (Crying Izak)
Holohalaelurus punctatus – (Gilchrist, 1914) (White-spotted Izak)
Holohalaelurus regani – (Gilchrist, 1922) (Izak catshark)
Parmaturus albimarginatus – Séret & Last, 2007 (White-tip catshark)
Parmaturus albipenis – Séret & Last, 2007 (White-clasper catshark)
Parmaturus p. angelae – Soares, Carvalho, et al, 2019
Parmaturus bigus – Séret & Last, 2007 (Beige catshark)
Parmaturus campechiensis – S. Springer, 1979 (Campeche catshark)
Parmaturus lanatus – Séret & Last, 2007 (Velvet catshark)
Parmaturus macmillani – Hardy, 1985 (McMillan’s cat shark)
Parmaturus melanobranchus – (W. L. Y. Chan, 1966) (Blackgill catshark)
Parmaturus pilosus – Garman, 1906 (Salamander shark)
Parmaturus xaniurus – Filetail catshark
Parmaturus sp. – Not yet described (Roughback catshark)
Parmaturus sp. – Not yet described (Indonesian filetail catshark)
Parmaturus sp. – Not yet described (Gulf of Mexico filetail)
Pentanchus profundicolus – Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. 2011 (Onefin catshark)
Poroderma africanum – Pyjama catshark
Poroderma pantherinum – Leopard catshark
Schroederichthys bivius – (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1838) (Narrowmouthed catshark)
Schroederichthys chilensis – Redspotted catshark
Schroederichthys maculatus – S. Springer, 1966 (Narrowtail catshark)
Schroederichthys saurisqualus – Soto, 2001 (Lizard catshark)
Schroederichthys tenuis – S. Springer, 1966 (Slender catshark)
Scyliorhinus boa – Goode & T. H. Bean, 1896 (Boa catshark)
Scyliorhinus cabofriensis – K. D. A. Soares, U. L. Gomes & M. R. de Carvalho, 2016
Scyliorhinus canicula – Smallspotted catshark
Scyliorhinus capensis – (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1838) (Yellowspotted catshark)
Scyliorhinus cervigoni – Maurin & M. Bonnet, 1970 (West African catshark)
Scyliorhinus comoroensis – L. J. V. Compagno, 1988 (Comoro catshark)
Scyliorhinus dumamelii – Garman 1913 Southern Small-spotted Catshark
Scyliorhinus garmani – (Fowler, 1934) (Brownspotted catshark)
Scyliorhinus haeckelii – (A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1907) (Freckled catshark)
Scyliorhinus hesperius – Whitesaddled catshark
Scyliorhinus meadi – S. Springer, 1966 (Blotched catshark)
Scyliorhinus retifer – Chain catshark
Scyliorhinus stellaris – (Linnaeus, 1758) (Nursehound)
Scyliorhinus tokubee – Shirai, S. Hagiwara & Nakaya, 1992 (Izu catshark)
Scyliorhinus torazame – (S. Tanaka (I), 1908) (Cloudy catshark)
Scyliorhinus torrei – Howell-Rivero, 1936 (Dwarf catshark)
Scyliorhinus ugoi – K. D. A. Soares, Gadig & U. L. Gomes, 2015 (Dark freckled catshark)
Family SPHYRNIDAE – Hammerhead Sharks
Eusphyra blochii – Winghead shark
Sphyrna corona – Mallethead shark
Sphyrna couardi – Whitefin hammerhead
Sphyrna lewini – Scalloped hammerhead
Sphyrna media – Scoophead shark
Sphyrna mokarran – Great hammerhead
Sphyrna tiburo – Bonnethead shark
Sphyrna tudes – Smalleye hammerhead
Sphyrna zygaena – Smooth hammerhead
Sphyrna Sp.A – Cryptic Scalloped hammerhead
Family TRIAKIDAE – Houndsharks
Furgaleus macki – Whiskery shark
Galeorhinus galeus – Tope shark
Gogolia filewoodi – Sailback houndshark
Hemitriakis japanica – Japanese topeshark
Hemitriakis leucoperiptera – Whitefin topeshark
Hypogaleus hyugaensis – Blacktip topeshark
Iago garricki – Longnose houndshark
Iago omanensis – Bigeye houndshark
Mustelus albipinnis – Whitemargin Smoothhound (aka M.hacat)
Mustelus antarcticus – Gummy shark
Mustelus asterias – Starry smoothhound
Mustelus californicus – Grey smoothhound
Mustelus canis – Dusky smoothhound / Smooth Dogfish
Mustelus dorsalis – Sharpnose smoothhound
Mustelus fasciatus – Striped smoothhound
Mustelus griseus – Spotless smoothhound
Mustelus henlei – Brown smoothhound
Mustelus higmani – Smalleye smoothhound
Mustelus lenticulatus – Spotted estuary smoothhound or rig
Mustelus lunulatus – Sicklefin smoothhound
Mustelus manazo – Starspotted smoothhound
Mustelus mento – Speckled smoothhound
Mustelus mosis – Arabian, hardnose, or Moses smoothhound
Mustelus mustelus – Smoothhound
Mustelus norrisi – Narrowfin or Florida smoothhound
Mustelus palumbes – Whitespot smoothhound
Mustelus punctulatus – Blackspot smoothhound
Mustelus schmitti – Narrownose smoothhound
Mustelus sinusmexicanus – Gulf of Mexico smoothhound
Mustelus whitneyi – Humpback smoothhound
Scylliogaleus quecketti – Flapnose houndshark
Triakis acutipinna – Sharpfin houndshark
Triakis maculata – Spotted houndshark
Triakis megalopterus – Sharptooth houndshark or spotted gully shark
Order HETERODONTIFORMES - Bullhead Sharks
Family HETERODONTIDAE – Bullhead Sharks
Heterodontus francisci – Horn shark
Heterodontus galeatus – Crested bullhead shark
Heterodontus japonicus – Japanese bullhead shark
Heterodontus mexicanus – Mexican hornshark
Heterodontus omanensis – Oman bullhead shark
Heterodontus portusjacksoni – Port Jackson shark
Heterodontus quoyi – Galapagos bullhead shark
Heterodontus ramalheira – Whitespotted bullhead shark
Order HEXANCHIFORMES - Sixgill, Sevengill and Frilled Sharks
Family CHLAMYDOSELA – Frilled Sharks
Chlamydoselachus anguineus – Frilled shark
Family HEXANCHIDAE – Sixgill and Sevengill Sharks
Heptranchias perlo – Sharpnose sevengill shark
Hexanchus griseus – Bluntnose sixgill shark
Hexanchus nakamurai – Bigeye sixgill shark
Order LAMNIFORMES - Mackerel Sharks
Family ALOPIIDAE – Thresher Sharks
Alopias pelagicus – Pelagic thresher shark
Alopias superciliosus – Bigeye thresher shark
Alopias vulpinus – Common thresher shark
Family CETORHINIDAE – Basking Sharks
Cetorhinus maximus – Basking shark
Family LAMNIDAE – Mackerel Sharks
Carcharodon carcharias – Great white shark
Isurus oxyrinchus – Shortfin mako
Isurus paucus – Longfin mako
Family MEGACHASMIDAE – Megamouth Sharks
Megachasma pelagios – Megamouth Shark
Family MITSUKURINIDAE – Goblin Sharks
Mitsukurina owstoni – Goblin shark
Family ODONTASPIDIDAE – Sand Tiger Sharks
Carcharias taurus – Sand tiger, spotted raggedtooth, or grey nurse shark
Odontaspis ferox – Smalltooth sand tiger or bumpytail raggedtooth
Odontaspis noronhai – Bigeye sand tiger
Family PSEUDOCARCHARIDAE – Crocodile Sharks
Pseudocarcharias kamoharai – Crocodile shark
Order ORECTOLOBIFORMES - Carpetsharks
Family BRACHAELURIDAE – Blind Sharks
Brachaelurus waddi – Blind shark
Heteroscyllium colcloughi – Colclough’s carpetshark
Family GINGLYMOSTOMATIDAE – Nurse Sharks
Psuedoginglymostoma brevicaudatum – Shorttail nurse shark
Ginglymostoma cirratum – Nurse shark
Ginglymostoma unami – Pacific nurse shark
Nebrius ferrugineus – Tawny nurse shark
Family HEMISCYLLIDAE – Longtailed Carpetsharks
Chiloscyllium arabicum – Arabian carpetshark
Chiloscyllium burmensis – Burmese bambooshark
Chiloscyllium caerulopunctatum – Bluespotted bambooshark
Chiloscyllium griseum – Grey bambooshark
Chiloscyllium hasselti – Indonesian bambooshark
Chiloscyllium indicum – Slender bambooshark
Chiloscyllium plagiosum – Whitespotted bambooshark
Chiloscyllium punctatum – Brownbanded bambooshark
Hemiscyllium freycineti – Indonesian speckled carpetshark
Hemiscyllium galei – Cendrawasi epaulette shark
Hemiscyllium hallstromi – Papuan epaulette shark
Hemiscyllium halmahera – Halmahera epaulette shark
Hemiscyllium henryi – Henry’s epaulette shark
Hemiscyllium michaeli – Milne Bay epaulette shark
Hemiscyllium ocellatum – Epaulette shark
Hemiscyllium strahani – Hooded epaulette shark
Hemiscyllium trispeculare – Speckled carpetshark
Family ORECTOLOBIDAE – Wobbegong Sharks
Eucrossorhinus dasypogon – Tasselled wobbegong
Orectolobus floridus – Floral wobbegong
Orectolobus halei – Banded wobbegong
Orectolobus hutchinsi – Western wobbegong
Orectolobus japonicus – Japanese wobbegong
Orectolobus leptolineatus – Indonesian wobbegong
Orectolobus maculatus – Spotted wobbegong
Orectolobus ornatus – Ornate wobbegong
Orectolobus parvimaculatus – Dwarf spotted wobbegong
Orectolobus reticulatus – Network wobbegong
Orectolobus sp. A – Papuan wobbegong
Orectolobus wardi – Northern wobbegong
Sutorectus tentaculatus – Cobbler wobbegong
Family PARASCYLLIDAE – Collared Carpetsharks
Cirrhoscyllium expolitum – Barbelthroat carpetshark
Cirrhoscyllium formosanum – Taiwan saddled carpetshark
Cirrhoscyllium japonicum – Saddled carpetshark
Parascyllium ferrugineum – Rusty carpetshark
Parascyllium multimaculatum – Tasmanian carpetshark
Parascyllium variolatum – Necklace carpetshark or Varied carpetshark
Family RHINCODONTIDAE – Whale Sharks
Family STEGOSTOMATIDAE – Zebra Sharks
Order PRISTIOPHORIFORMES - Sawsharks
Family PRISTIOPHORIDAE – Sawsharks
Pristiophorus nancyae – African dwarf sawshark
Pliotrema warreni – Sixgill sawshark
Pristiophorus cirratus – Longnose sawshark
Pristiophorus japonicus – Japanese sawshark
Pristiophorus nudipinnis – Shortnose sawshark
Pristiophorus schroederi – Bahamas sawshark
Order SQUALIFORMES - Dogfish Sharks
Family CENTROPHORIDAE – Gulper Sharks
Centrophorus acus – Needle dogfish
Centrophorus granulosus – Gulper shark
Centrophorus harrissoni – Dumb gulper shark
Centrophorus isodon – Blackfin gulper shark
Centrophorus lusitanicus – Lowfin gulper shark
Centrophorus moluccensis – Smallfin gulper shark
Centrophorus niaukang – Taiwan gulper shark
Centrophorus squamosus – Leafscale gulper shark
Centrophorus tesselatus – Mosaic gulper shark
Centrophorus uyato – Little gulper shark
Deania calcea – Birdbeak dogfish
Deania hystricosum – Rough longnose dogfish
Deania profundorum – Arrowhead dogfish
Deania quadrispinosum – Longsnout dogfish
Family DALATIIDAE – Kitefin Sharks
Dalatias licha – Kitefin shark
Euprotomicroides zantedeschia – Taillight shark
Europtomicrus bispinatus – Pygmy shark
Heteroscymnoides marleyi – Longnose pygmy shark
Isistius brasiliensis – Cookiecutter or cigar shark
Isistius plutodus – Largetooth cookiecutter shark
Mollisquama mississippiensis – Grace et al, 2019. Mississippi kitefin shark
Mollisquama parini – Softskin dogfish
Squaliolus laticaudus – Spined pygmy shark
Family ECHINORHINIDAE – Bramble Sharks
Echinorhinus brucus – Bramble shark
Echinorhinus cookei – Prickly shark
Family ETMOPTERIDAE – Lantern Sharks
Aculeola nigra – Hooktooth dogfish
Centroscyllium fabricii – Black dogfish
Centroscyllium granulatum – Granular dogfish
Centroscyllium kamoharai – Bareskin dogfish
Centroscyllium nigrum – Combtooth dogfish
Centroscyllium ornatum – Ornate dogfish
Centroscyllium ritteri – Whitefin dogfish
Etmopterus baxteri – New Zealand lanternshark
Etmopterus benchleyi – Benchley’s lanternshark
Etmopterus brachyurus – Shorttail lanternshark
Etmopterus bullisi – Lined lanternshark
Etmopterus carteri – Cylindrical lanternshark
Etmopterus decacuspidatus – Combtooth lanternshark
Etmopterus gracilispinis – Broadband lanternshark
Etmopterus granulosus – Southern lanternshark
Etmopterus hillianus – Carribean lanternshark
Etmopterus lucifer – Blackbelly lanternshark
Etmopterus perryi – Dwarf lanternshark
Etmopterus polli – African lanternshark
Etmopterus princeps – Great lanternshark
Etmopterus pusillus – Smooth lanternshark
Etmopterus schultzi – Fringefin lanternshark
Etmopterus sentosus – Thorny lanternshark
Etmopterus spinax – Velvet belly lanternshark
Etmopterus unicolor – Brown lanternshark
Etmopterus villosus – Hawaiian lanternshark
Etmopterus virens – Green lanternshark
Family SOMNIOSIDAE – Sleeper Sharks
Centroscymnus coelolepis – Portuguese dogfish
Centroscymnus crepidater – Longnose velvet dogfish
Centroscymnus cryptacanthus – Shortnose velvet dogfish
Centroscymnus macracanthus – Largespine velvet dogfish
Centroscymnus owstoni – Roughskin dogfish
Centroscymnus plunketi – Plunket shark
Scymnodalatias sherwoodi – Sherwood dogfish
Scymnodon ichiharai – Japanese velvet dogfish
Scymnodon ringens – Knifetooth dogfish
Scymnodon squamulosus – Greenland sleeper shark
Somniosus microcephalus – Greenland Shark
Somniosus pacificus – Pacific sleeper shark
Somniosus rostratus – Little sleeper shark
Family SQUALIDAE – Dogfish Sharks
Cirrhigaleus asper – Roughskin spurdog
Cirrhigaleus australis – Southern mandarin dogfish
Cirrhigaleus barbifer – Mandarin dogfish
Squalus acanthias – Spiny dogfish
Squalus albifrons – Eastern highfin spurdog
Squalus altipinnis – Western highfin spurdog
Squalus blainvillei – Longnose spurdog
Squalus brevirostris – Japanese shortnose spurdog
Squalus bucephalus – Bighead spurdog
Squalus chloroculus – Greeneye spurdog
Squalus crassispinus – Fatspine spurdog
Squalus cubensis – Cuban dogfish
Squalus edmundsi – Edmund’s spurdog
Squalus formosus – Taiwan spurdog
Squalus grahami – Eastern longnose spurdog
Squalus griffini – Northern spiny dogfish
Squalus hawaiiensis – Hawaiian dogfish
Squalus hemipinnis – Indonesian shortsnout spurdog
Squalus japonicus – Japanese spurdog
Squalus lalannei – Seychelles spurdog
Squalus megalops – Shortnose spurdog
Squalus melanurus – Blacktail spurdog
Squalus mitsukurii – Shortspine spurdog
Squalus montalbani – Indonesian greeneye spurdog
Squatina nasutus – Western longnosed spurdog
Squalus notocaudatus – Bartail spurdog
Squalus rancureli – Cyrano spurdog
Squalus raoulensis – Kermadec spiny dogfish
Squalus suckleyi – North Pacific spiny dogfish
Family OXYNOTIDAE – Roughsharks
Oxynotus bruniensis – Prickly dogfish
Oxynotus carribaeus – Carribean roughshark
Oxynotus centrina – Angular roughshark
Oxynotus japonicus – Japanese roughshark
Oxynotus paradoxus – Sailfin roughshark
Order SQUATINIFORMES - Angelsharks
Family SQUATINIDAE – Angelsharks
Squatina aculeata – Sawback angelshark
Squatina albipunctata – Eastern Australian angelshark
Squatina africana – African angelshark
Squatina argentina – Argentine angelshark
Squatina australis – Australian angelshark
Squatina californica – Pacific angelshark
Squatina caillieti – Philippine angelshark
Squatina dumeril – Sand devil
Squatina formosa – Taiwan angelshark
Squatina guggenheim – Angular angelshark
Squatina japonica – Japanese angelshark
Squatina nebulosa – Clouded angelshark
Squatina oculata – Smoothback angelshark
Squatina squatina – Common Angel Shark
Squatina tergocellata – Ornate angelshark
Squatina tergocellatoides – Ocellated angelshark
Superorder Batoidea – Rays
Order MYLIOBATIFORMES - Stingrays, Eagle rays, Devil rays
Family AETOBATIDAE – Pelagic Eagle Rays
Aetobatus flagellum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Longhead eagle ray
Aetobatus laticeps – Pacific spotted eagle ray
Aetobatus narinari – Spotted eagle ray
Aetobatus narutobiei (White, Furumitsu, Yamaguchi, 2013) Naru eagle ray
Aetobatus ocellatus – Ocellated eagle ray
Family DASYATIDAE – Whiptail Stingrays
Bathytoshia brevicaudata – Short-tail stingray
Bathytoshia centroura – Roughtail stingray
Bathytoshia lata – Brown stingray
Dasyatis chrysonota – Blue stingray
Brevitrygon heterura (Bleeker, 1852) Dwarf whipray
Brevitrygon imbricata (Bloch and Achneider, 1801) Bengal whipray
Brevitrygon javanensis (Last and White, 2013) Javan whipray
Brevitrygon walga (Muller and Henle, 1841) Scaly whipray
Dasyatis hypostigma (Santos & Carvalho, 2004) Groovebelly stingray
Dasyatis marmorata (Steindachner 1892) Marbled stingray
Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) Common stingray
Dasyatis tortonesei – Tortonese’s stingray
Fluvitrygon kittipongi (Vidthayanon and Roberts, 2006) Roughback whipray
Fluvitrygon oxyrhynchus (Sauvage, 1878) Marbled whipray
Fluvitrygon signifer (Compagno & Roberts, 1982) White-edge freshwater whip ray
Fontitrygon colarensis (Santos, 2004) Colares stingray
Fontitrygon garouaensis (Stauch & Blanc, 1962) Smooth freshwater stingray
Fontitrygon geijskesi Boeseman, 1948Sharpsnout stingray
Fontitrygon margarita (Günther, 1870) Daisy stingray
Fontitrygon margaritella (Compagno & Roberts, 1984) Pearl stingray
Fontitrygon ukpam (Smith, 1863) Thorny freshwater stingray
Hemitrygon akajei – Red stingray
Hemitrygon bennetti (Müller & Henle, 1841) Bennett’s stingray
Hemitrygon fluviorum (Ogilby, 1908) Estuary stingray
Hemitrygon izuensis (Nishida & Nakaya, 1988) Izu stingray
Hemitrygon laevigata (Chu, 1960) Yantai stingray
Hemitrygon laosensis (Roberts & Karnasuta, 1987) Mekong stingray
Hemitrygon longicauda (Last and White, 2013) Merauke Stingray
Hemitrygon navarrae (Steindachner, 1892) Oriental black stingray
Hemitrygon parvonigra (Last & White, 2008) Dwarf black stingray
Hemitrygon sinensis (Steindachner, 1892) Chinese stingray
Himantura australis (Last, White and Naylor, 2016) Australian whipray
Himantura leoparda – Leopard Whipray
Himantura uarnak – Coach whipray
Himantura undulata (Bleeker, 1852) Honeycomb whipray
Hypanus americanus – Southern stingray
Hypanus dipterurus – Diamond stingray
Hypanus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Longnose stingray
Hypanus longa (Garman, 1880) Longtail stingray
Hypanus marianae (Gomes, Rosa & Gadig, 2000) Large-eye stingray
Hypanus rudis (Günther, 1870) Smalltooth stingray
Hypanus sabinus (Lesueur, 1824) Atlantic stingray
Hypanus say (Lesueur, 1817) Bluntnose stingray
Maculabatis ambigua (Last, Bogorodsky and Alpermann, 2016) Bakara’s whipray
Maculabatis arabica (Manjaji-Matsumoto and Last, 2016) Pakistan whipray
Maculabatis astra (Last, Manjaji-Matsumoto and Pogonoski, 2008) Blackspotted whipray
Maculabatis bineeshi (Manjaji-Matsumoto and Last, 2016) Shorttail whipray
Maculabatis gerrardi (Gray, 1851) Whitespotted whipray
Maculabatis macrura (Bleeker, 2008) Sharpnose whipray
Maculabatis pastinacoides (Bleeker, 1852) Round whip ray
Maculabatis randalli (Last, Manjaji, Matsumoto and Moore, 2012) Arabian banded stingray
Himantura toshi (Whitley, 1939) Brown whipray
Makararaja chindwiensis (Roberts, 2007) Chindwin cowtail ray
Megatrygon microps (Annandale, 1908) Smalleye stingray
Neotrygon annotata (Last, 1987) Plain maskray
Neotrygon australiae (Last, White and Seret, 2016) Australian bluespotted maskray
Neotrygon caeruleopunctata (Last, White and Seret, 2016) Bluespotted maskray
Neotrygon kuhlii (Müller & Henle, 1841) Kuhl’s maskray
Neotrygon leylandi (Last, 1987) Painted maskray
Neotrygon ningalooensis (Last, White and Puckridge, 2010) Ningaloo maskray
Neotrygon orientalis (Last, White and Seret, 2016) Oriental bluespotted maskray
Neotrygon picta (Last and White, 2008) Speckled maskray
Neotrygon trigonoides (Castelnau, 1873) Coral Sea maskray
Neotrygon varidens (Garman, 1885) Mahogony maskray
Pastinachus ater (Maclaay, 1883) Broad cowtail stingray
Pastinachus gracilicaudus (Last and Matsumoto, 2010) Narrowtail stingray
Pastinachus sephen (Forsskål, 1775) Cowtail stingray
Pastinachus solocirostris (Last, Manjaji & Yearsley, 2005) Roughnose stingray
Pastinachus stellurostris (Last, Fahmi and Naylor 2010) starrynose cowtail ray
Paleobatis bleekeri (Blyth, 1860) Bleeker’s whipray
Paleobatis fai (Jordan & Seale, 1906) Pink whipray
Paleobatis hortlei (Last, Matsumoto and Kailola, 2006) Hortle’s whipray
Paleobatis jenkinsii (Annandale, 1909) Jenkin’s whipray
Paleobatis uarnacoides (Bleeker, 1852) Whitenose whipray
Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832) Pelagic stingray
Taeniura lessoni (Last, White and Naylor) Oceania fantail ray
Taeniura lymma (Forsskål, 1775) Bluespotted fantail ray
Taeniurops grabatus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817) Round stingray
Taeniurops meyeni (Müller & Henle, 1841) Blotched fantail ray
Telatrygon acutirostra (Nishida & Nakaya, 1988) Sharpnose ray
Telatrygon biasa (Last, White and Naylor, 2016) Indonesian sharpnose ray
Telatrygon crozieri (Blyth, 1860) Indian sharpnose ray
Telatrygon zugei (Müller & Henle, 1841) Pale-edged stingray
Urogymnus acanthobothrium (Last, White and Kyne, 2016) Mumbararr whipray
Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Porcupine ray
Urogymnus dalyensis (Last and Matsumoto, 2008) Freshwater whipray
Urogymnus granulatus (Macleay, 1883) Mangrove whipray
Urogymnus lobistoma (Matsumoto and Last, 2006) Tubemouth whipray
Urogymnus polylepis (Bleeker, 1852) Giant freshwater whipray
Family GYMNURIDAE – Butterfly Rays
Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus, 1758) Spiny butterfly ray
Gymnura australis (Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886) Australian butterfly ray
Gymnura crebripunctata (Peters, 1869) Longsnout butterfly ray
Gymnura japonica (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) Japanese butterflyray
Gymnura marmorata (Cooper, 1864) California butterfly ray
Gymnura micrura (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Smooth butterfly ray
Gymnura natalensis (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1911) Backwater butterfly ray
Gymnura poecilura (Shaw, 1804) Longtail butterfly ray
Gymnure tentaculata (Müller & Henle, 1841) Tentacle butterfly ray
Gymnura zonura (Bleeker, 1852) Zonetail butterfly ray
Family HEXATRYGONIDAE – Sixgill Stingrays
Hexatrygon bickelli (Heemstra & Smith, 1980) Sixgill stingray
Family MYLIOBATIDAE – Bat Rays and Eagle Rays
Aetomylaeus asperrimus (Gillbert, 1898) Roughskin eagle ray
Aetomylaeus bovinus (Geoffroy St Hilaire, 1817) Duckbill eagle ray
Aetomylaeus caeruleofasciatus (White, Last and Baje, 2015) Bluebanded eagle ray
Aetomylaeus maculatus (Gray, 1834) Mottled eagle ray
Aetomylaeus milvus (Müller & Henle, 1841) Ocellate eagle ray
Aetomylaeus nichofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Banded eagle ray
Aetomylaeus vespertilio (Bleeker, 1852) Ornate eagle ray
Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) Common eagle ray
Myliobatis californica Gill, 1865 Bat ray
Myliobatis chilensis Philippi, 1893Chilean eagle ray
Myliobatis freminvillii Lesueur, 1824Bullnose eagle ray
Myliobatis goodei Garman, 1885Southern eagle ray
Myliobatis hamlyni Ogilby, 1911Purple eagle ray
Myliobatis longirostris Applegate & Fitch, 1964Snouted eagle ray
Myliobatis peruvianus (Garman, 1913) Peruvian eagle ray
Myliobatis ridens (Ruocco et al, 2012) Shortnose eagle ray
Myliobatis tenuicaudatus (Hector, 1877) New Zealand eagle ray
Myliobatis tobijei Bleeker, 1854Japanese eagle ray
Family MOBULIDAE – Devil Rays, Mobula Rays and Manta Rays
Manta alfredi – Reef Manta Ray
Manta birostris – Oceanic manta
Mobula hypostoma – Lesser devil ray
Mobula kuhlii (Müller & Henle, 1841) Shortfin devil ray
Mobula mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788) Devil fish
Mobula munkiana – Munk’s devil ray
Mobula tarapacana (Philippi, 1893) Chilean devil ray
Mobula thurstoni – Smoothtail mobula/Bentfin devil ray)
Family PLESIOBATIDAE – Giant Stingarees
Plesiobatis daviesi (Wallace, 1967) Giant Stingaree
Family POTAMOTRYGONIDAE – Freshwater/River Stingrays
Heliotrygon gomesi, n. sp. Carvalho and Lovejoy 2013
Heliotrygon rosai,n.sp. Carvalho and Lovejoy 2013
Paratrygon aiereba (Müller & Henle, 1841) Discus ray
Plesiotrygon iwamae Rosa, Castello &Thorson, 1987 Long-tailed river stingray
Plesiotrygon nana Carvalho & Ragno, 2011 Black-tailed antenna ray
Potamotrygon amandae Loboda & M. R. de Carvalho, 2013
Potamotrygon boesemani Rosa, M. R. de Carvalho & Almeida Wanderley, 2008 Emperor ray
Potamotrygon brachyura (Günther, 1880) Short-tailed river stingray
Potamotrygon castexi Castello & Yagolkowski, 1969 Vermiculate river stingray
Potamotrygon constellata (Vaillant, 1880) Thorny river stingray
Potamotrygon falkneri Castex & Maciel, 1963 Largespot river stingray
Potamotrygon henlei (Castelnau, 1855) Bigtooth river stingray
Potamotrygon humerosa Garman, 1913
Potamotrygon hystrix (Müller & Henle, 1834) Porcupine river stingray
Potamotrygon leopoldi Castex & Castello, 1970 White-blotched river stingray
Potamotrygon limai (Fontenelle, Silva and Carvalho)
Potamotrygon magdalenae (Valenciennes, 1865) Magdalena river stingray
Potamotrygon marquesi (Da Silva, 2019)
Potamotrygon marinae Deynat, 2006
Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841) Ocellate river stingray
Potamotrygon ocellata (Engelhardt, 1912) Red-blotched river stingray
Potamotrygon orbignyi (Castelnau, 1855) Smooth back river stingray
Potamotrygon pantanensis Loboda & M. R. de Carvalho, 2013
Potamotrygon schroederi Fernández-Yépez, 1957 Rosette river stingray
Potamotrygon schuehmacheri Castex, 1964
Potamotrygon scobina Garman, 1913 Raspy river stingray
Potamotrygon signata Garman, 1913 Parnaiba river stingray
Potamotrygon tatianae J. P. C. B. da Silva & M. R. de Carvalho, 2011
Potamotrygon tigrina M. R. de Carvalho, Sabaj Pérez & Lovejoy, 2011 Tiger ray
Potamotrygon yepezi Castex & Castello, 1970 Maracaibo river stingray
Styracura pacifica (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941) Pacific chupare stingray
Styracura schmardae (Werner, 1904) Atlantic chupare stingray
Family RHINOPTERIDAE – Cownose Rays
Rhinoptera adspersa Müller & Henle, 1841Rough cownose ray
Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill, 1815)Atlantic Cownose ray
Rhinoptera brasiliensis Müller, 1836Ticon cownose ray
Rhinoptera javanica Müller & Henle, 1841Javanese cownose ray
Rhinoptera jayakari Boulenger, 1895Oman cownose ray
Rhinoptera marginata (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817)Lusitanian cownose ray
Rhinoptera neglecta Ogilby, 1912Australian cownose ray
Rhinoptera steindachneri Evermann & Jenkins, 1891Pacific cownose ray
Family UROLOPHIDAE – Indo-Pacific round stingrays (stingarees)
Spinilophus armatus (Muller & Henle, 1841) New Ireland stingaree
Trygonoptera galba (Last and Yearsley, 2008) Yellow shovelnose stingaree
Trygonoptera imitata ((Yearsley, Last and Goman, 2008) Eastern shovenose stingaree
Trygonoptera mucosa (Whitley, 1939) Western shovelnose stingaree
Trygonoptera ovalis (Last & Gomon, 1987) Striped stingaree
Trygonoptera personata (Last & Gomon, 1987) Masked stingaree
Trygonoptera testacea (Muller & Henle, 1841) Common stingaree
Urolophus aurantiacus (Muller & Henle, 1841) Sepia stingray
Urolophus bucculentus (Macleay, 1884) Sandyback stingaree
Urolophus circularis (McKay, 1966) Circular stingaree
Urolophus cruciatus (Lacepide, 1804) Crossback stingaree
Urolophus deforgesi (Seret and Last, 2003) Chesterfield stingaree
Urolophus expansus (McCulloch, 1916) Wide stingaree
Urolophus flavomosaicus (Last & Gomon, 1987) Patchwork stingaree
Urolophus gigas (Scott, 1954) Spotted stingaree
Urolophus javanicus (Martens, 1864) Java stingaree
Urolophus kaianus (Gunther, 1880) Kai stingaree
Urolophus kapalensis (Yearsley and Last, 2006) Kapala stingaree
Urolophus lobatus (McKay, 1966) Lobed stingaree
Urolophus mitosis (Last & Gomon, 1987) Mitotic stingaree
Urolophus neocaledoniensis (seret and Last, 2003) New Caledonian Stingaree
Urolophus orarius (Last & Gomon, 1987) Coastal stingaree
Urolophus papillio (Seret and Last, 2003) Butterfly stingaree
Urolophus paucimaculatus (Dixon, 1969) Sparsely-spotted stingaree
Urolophus piperatus (Seret and Last, 2003) Coral Sea stingaree
Urolophus sufflavus (Whitley, 1929) Yellowback stingaree
Urolophus viridis (McCulloch, 1916) Greenback stingaree
Urolophus westraliensis (Last & Gomon, 1987) Brown stingaree
Family UROTRYGONIDAE – Pan-American round stingrays
Urobatis concentricus (Osburn & Nichols, 1916) Spot-on-spot round ray / Bullseye Stingray
Urobatis halleri (Cooper, 1863) Haller’s round stingray
Urobatis jamaicensis (Cuvier, 1816) Yellow stingray
Urobatis maculatus (Garman, 1913) Cortez round stingray
Urobatis pardalis (Luis Fernando Del Moral-Flores 2015) Leopard round stingray
Urobatis tumbesensis (Chirichigno F. & McEachran, 1979) Tumbes round stingray
Urotrygon aspidura (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) Spiny-tail round ray
Urotrygon chilensis (Gunther, 1872) Chilean round ray
Urotrygon cimar (Lopez S. & Bussing, 1998)
Urotrygon microphthalmum (Delsman, 1941) Smalleyed round stingray
Urotrygon munda (Gill, 1863) Munda round ray
Urotrygon nana (Miyake & McEachran, 1988) Dwarf round ray
Urotrygon reticulata (Miyake & McEachran, 1988) Reticulate round ray
Urotrygon rogersi (Jordan & Starks, 1895) Roger’s round ray
Urotrygon simulatrix (Miyake & McEachran, 1988) Fake round ray
Urotrygon venezuelae (Schultz, 1949) Venezuela round stingray
Order PRISTIFORMES - Sawfishes
Family PRISTIDAE – Sawfishes
Anoxypristis cuspidata – Knifetooth sawfish, Narrow Sawfish
Pristis clavata – Dwarf sawfish
Pristis microdon – Largetooth sawfish, Freshwater Sawfish, Broadbill Sawfish
Pristis pectinata – Smalltooth sawfish
Pristis perotteti – Large-tooth sawfish
Pristis pristis – Common sawfish
Pristis zijsron – Longcomb sawfish, Green Sawfish
Order RAJIFORMES - Skates
Family RAJIDAE – Skates
Amblyraja badia (Garman, 1899) Broad skate
Amblyraja doellojuradoi (Pozzi, 1935) Southern thorny skate
Amblyraja frerichsi (Krefft, 1968) Thickbody skate
Amblyraja georgiana (Norman, 1938) Antarctic starry skate
Amblyraja hyperborea (Collett, 1879) Arctic skate
Amblyraja jenseni (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950) Jensen’s skate
Amblyraja radiata (Donovan, 1808) Thorny skate
Amblyraja reversa (Lloyd, 1906) Reversed skate
Amblyraja robertsi (Hulley, 1970) Bigmouth skate
Amblyraja taaf (Meissner, 1987) Whiteleg skate
Arhynchobatis asperrimus Waite, 1909 Longtail skate
Atlantoraja castelnaui (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1907) Spotback skate
Atlantoraja cyclophora (Regan, 1903) Eyespot skate
Atlantoraja platana (Günther, 1880) La Plata skate
Athyraja abyssicola (Gilbert, 1896) Deepsea skate
Bathyraja aguja (Kendall & Radcliffe, 1912) Aguja skate
Bathyraja albomaculata (Norman, 1937) White-dotted skate
Bathyraja aleutica (Gilbert, 1896)A leutian skate
Bathyraja andriashevi Dolganov, 1985 Little-eyed skate
Bathyraja bergi Dolganov, 1985 Bottom skate
Bathyraja brachyurops (Fowler, 1910) Broadnose skate
Bathyraja caeluronigricans Ishiyama & Ishihara, 1977 Purple-black skate
Bathyraja diplotaenia (Ishiyama, 1952) Dusky-pink skate
Bathyraja eatonii (Günther, 1876) Eaton’s skate
Bathyraja fedorovi Dolganov, 1985 Cinnamon skate
Bathyraja griseocauda (Norman, 1937) Graytail skate
Bathyraja hesperafricana Stehmann, 1995 West African skate
Bathyraja hubbsi Ishihara & Ishiyama, 1985
Bathyraja interrupta (Gill & Townsend, 1897) Sandpaper skate
Bathyraja irrasa Hureau & Ozouf-Costaz, 1980 Kerguelen sandpaper skate
Bathyraja isotrachys (Günther, 1877) Raspback skate
Bathyraja leucomelanos (Samuel Paco Iglésias) New Caledonia Skate?
Bathyraja lindbergi Ishiyama & Ishihara, 1977 Commander skate
Bathyraja longicauda (de Buen, 1959) Slimtail skate
Bathyraja maccaini Springer, 1971 McCain’s skate
Bathyraja macloviana (Norman, 1937) Patagonian skate
Bathyraja maculata Ishiyama & Ishihara, 1977 White-blotched skate
Bathyraja magellanica (Philippi, 1902) Magellan skate
Bathyraja matsubarai (Ishiyama, 1952) Dusky-purple skate
Bathyraja meridionalis Stehmann, 1987 Dark-belly skate
Bathyraja minispinosa Ishiyama & Ishihara, 1977 Smallthorn skate
Bathyraja multispinis (Norman, 1937) Multispine skate
Bathyraja murrayi (Günther, 1880) Murray’s skate
Bathyraja notoroensis Ishiyama & Ishihara, 1977 Notoro skate
Bathyraja pallida (Forster, 1967) Pale ray
Bathyraja papilionifera Stehmann, 1985 Butterfly skate
Bathyraja parmifera (Bean, 1881) Alaska skate
Bathyraja peruana McEachran & Miyake, 1984 Peruvian skate
Bathyraja pseudoisotrachys Ishihara & Ishiyama, 1985
Bathyraja richardsoni (Garrick, 1961) Richardson’s ray
Bathyraja scaphiops (Norman, 1937) Cuphead skate
Bathyraja schroederi (Krefft, 1968) Whitemouth skate
Bathyraja shuntovi Dolganov, 1985 Narrownose skate
Bathyraja simoterus Ishiyama, 1967 Hokkaido skate
Bathyraja smirnovi (Soldatov & Pavlenko, 1915) Golden skate
Bathyraja smithii (Müller & Henle, 1841) African softnose skate
Bathyraja spinicauda (Jensen, 1914) Spinetail ray
Bathyraja spinosissima (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941) White skate
Bathyraja trachouros (Ishiyama, 1958) Eremo skate
Bathyraja trachura (Gilbert, 1892) Roughtail skate
Bathyraja tzinovskii Dolganov, 1985 Creamback skate
Bathyraja violacea (Suvorov, 1935) Okhotsk skate
Breviraja claramaculata McEachran & Matheson, 1985 Brightspot skate
Breviraja colesi Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948 Lightnose skate
Breviraja marklei McEachran & Miyake, 1987 Nova Scotia skate
Breviraja mouldi McEachran & Matheson, 1995 Blacknose skate
Breviraja nigriventralis McEachran & Matheson, 1985 Blackbelly skate
Breviraja spinosa Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950 Spinose skate
Cruriraja andamanica (Lloyd, 1909) Andaman leg skate
Cruriraja atlantis Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948 Atlantic leg skate
Cruriraja cadenati Bigelow & Schroeder, 1962 Broadfoot leg skate
Cruriraja durbanensis (von Bonde & Swart, 1923) Smooth nose leg skate
Cruriraja parcomaculata (von Bonde & Swart, 1923) Roughnose legskate
Cruriraja poeyi Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948 Cuban leg skate
Cruriraja rugosa Bigelow & Schroeder, 1958 Rough leg skate
Cruriraja triangularis Smith, 1964 Triangular legskate
Dactylobatus armatus Bean & Weed, 1909 Skilletskate
Dactylobatus clarkii (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1958) Hookskate
Dipturus amphispinus (Last & Moonyeen, 2013) Philippine longsnout skate.
Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758) Blue skate
Dipturus bullisi (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1962) Bullis skate
Dipturus campbelli (Wallace, 1967) Blackspot skate
Dipturus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848) Yellownose skate
Dipturus crosnieri (Séret, 1989) Madagascar skate
Dipturus doutrei (Cadenat, 1960) Violet skate
Dipturus ecuadoriensis (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941) Ecuador skate
Dipturus garricki (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1958) San Blas skate
Dipturus gigas (Ishiyama, 1958) Giant skate
Dipturus gudgeri (Whitley, 1940) Bight skate
Dipturus innominatus (Garrick & Paul, 1974) New Zealand smooth skate
Dipturus johannisdavisi (Alcock, 1899) Travancore skate
Dipturus kwangtungensis (Chu, 1960) Kwangtung skate
Dipturus laevis (Mitchill, 1818) Barndoor skate
Dipturus lanceorostratus (Wallace, 1967) Rattail skate
Dipturus leptocaudus (Krefft & Stehmann, 1975) Thintail skate
Dipturus linteus (Fries, 1838) Sailray
Dipturus macrocaudus (Ishiyama, 1955) Bigtail skate
Dipturus mennii Gomes & Paragó, 2001
Dipturus nasutus (Müller & Henle, 1841) New Zealand rough skate
Dipturus nidarosiensis (Storm, 1881) Norwegian skate
Dipturus olseni (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951) Spreadfin skate
Dipturus oregoni (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1958) Hooktail skate
Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758) Longnosed skate
Dipturus pullopunctatus (Smith, 1964) Slime skate
Dipturus springeri (Wallace, 1967) Roughbelly skate
Dipturus stenorhynchus (Wallace, 1967) Prow-nose skate
Dipturus teevani (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951) Prickly brown ray
Dipturus tengu (Jordan & Fowler, 1903) Acutenose skate
Dipturus trachydermus (Krefft & Stehmann, 1975)
Fenestraja atripinna (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950) Blackfin pygmy skate
Fenestraja cubensis (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950) Cuban pygmy skate
Fenestraja ishiyamai (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1962) Plain pygmy skate
Fenestraja maceachrani (Séret, 1989) Madagascar pygmy skate
Fenestraja mamillidens (Alcock, 1889) Prickly skate
Fenestraja plutonia (Garman, 1881) Pluto skate
Fenestraja sibogae (Weber, 1913) Siboga skate
Fenestraja sinusmexicanus (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950) Gulf of Mexico pygmy skate
Gurgesiella atlantica (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1962) Atlantic pygmy skate
Gurgesiella dorsalifera McEachran & Compagno, 1980 Onefin skate
Gurgesiella furvescensde Buen, 1959 Dusky finless skate
Irolita waitii (McCulloch, 1911) Southern round skate
Leucoraja circularis (Couch, 1838) Sandy ray
Leucoraja compagnoi (Stehmann, 1995) Tigertail skate
Leucoraja erinacea (Mitchill, 1825) Little skate
Leucoraja fullonica (Linnaeus, 1758) Shagreen ray
Leucoraja garmani (Whitley, 1939) Freckled skate
Leucoraja lentiginosa (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951) Speckled skate
Leucoraja leucosticta (Stehmann, 1971) Whitedappled skate
Leucoraja melitensis (Clark, 1926) Maltese ray
Leucoraja naevus (Müller & Henle, 1841) Cuckoo ray
Leucoraja occelata (Mitchill, 1815) Winter skate
Leucoraja wallacei (Hulley, 1970) Yellow spotted skate
Leucoraja yucatanensis (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950) Yucatan skate
Malacoraja kreffti (Stehmann, 1977) Krefft’s ray
Malacoraja senta (Garman, 1885) Smooth skate
Malacoraja spinacidermis (Barnard, 1923) Roughskin skate
Neoraja africana (Stehmann & Seret, 1983) West African pygmy skate
Neoraja caerulea (Stehmann, 1976) Blue ray
Neoraja carolinensis McEachran & Stehmann, 1984 Carolina pygmy skate
Neoraja stehmanni (Hulley, 1972)African pygmy skate
Notoraja alisae (Bernard Séret and Peter R. Last 2012)
Notoraja asperula (Garrick & Paul, 1974) Prickly deepsea skate
Notoraja fijiensis (Bernard Séret and Peter R. Last 2012)
Notoraja inusitata (Bernard Séret and Peter R. Last 2012)
Notoraja laxipella (Yearsley & Last, 1992) Eastern looseskin skate
Notoraja longiventralis (Bernard Séret and Peter R. Last 2012)
Notoraja ochroderma McEachran & Last, 1994 Pale skate
Notoraja spinifera (Garrick & Paul, 1974) Spiny deepsea skate
Notoraja subtilispinosa Stehmann, 1989 Velvet skate
Notoraja tobitukai (Hiyama, 1940) Leadhued skate
Okamejei acutispina (Ishiyama, 1958) Sharpspine skate
Okamejei australis (Macleay, 1884) Sydney skate
Okamejei boesemani (Ishihara, 1987) Boeseman’s skate
Okamejei cerva (Whitley, 1939) White-spotted skate
Okamejei heemstrai (McEachran & Fechhelm, 1982) East African skate
Okamejei hollandi (Jordan & Richardson, 1909) Yellow-spotted skate
Okamejei kenojei (Müller & Henle, 1841) Ocellate spot skate
Okamejei lemprieri (Richardson, 1845) Australian thornback skate
Okamejei meerdervoortii (Bleeker, 1860) Bigeye skate
Okamejei pita (Fricke & Al-Hassan, 1995) Pita skate
Okamejei powelli (Alcock, 1898) Indian ringed skate
Okamejei schmidti (Ishiyama, 1958) Browneye skate
Pavoraja alleni McEachran & Fechhelm, 1982 Allens skate
Pavoraja nitida (Günther, 1880) Peacock skate
Psammobatis bergi Marini, 1932 Blotched sand skate
Psammobatis extenta (Garman, 1913) Zipper sand skate
Psammobatis lentiginosa McEachran, 1983 Freckled sand skate
Psammobatis normani McEachran, 1983 Shortfin sand skate
Psammobatis parvacauda McEachran, 1983 Smalltail sand skate
Psammobatis rudis Günther, 1870 Smallthorn sand skate
Psammobatis rutrum Jordan, 1891 Spade sand skate
Psammobatis scobina (Philippi, 1857) Raspthorn sand skate
Pseudoraja fischeri Bigelow & Schroeder, 1954 Fanfin skate
Raja ackleyi Garman, 1881 Ocellate skate
Raja africana Capapé, 1977 African ray
Raja asterias Delaroche, 1809 Starry ray
Raja bahamensis Bigelow & Schroeder, 1965 Bahama skate
Raja binoculata Girard, 1855 Big skate
Raja brachyura Lafont, 1873 Blonde ray
Raja cervigoni Bigelow & Schroeder, 1964 Finspot ray
Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 Thornback ray
Raja cortezensis McEachran & Miyake, 1988 Cortez’ ray
Raja eglanteria Bosc, 1800 Clearnose skate
Raja equatorialis Jordan & Bollman, 1890 Ecuatorial ray
Raja flavirostris Philippi, 1893
Raja herwigi Krefft, 1965 Cape Verde skate
Raja inornata Jordan & Gilbert, 1881 California ray
Raja koreana Jeong & Nakabo, 1997 Korean skate
Raja maderensis Lowe, 1838 Madeiran ray
Raja microocellata Montagu, 1818 Small-eyed ray
Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758 Brown ray
Raja montagui Fowler, 1910 Spotted ray
Raja polyommata Ogilby, 1910 Argus skate
Raja polystigma Regan, 1923 Speckled ray
Raja pulchra Liu, 1932 Mottled skate
Raja radula Delaroche, 1809 Rough ray
Raja rhina Jordan & Gilbert, 1880 Longnose skate
Raja rondeleti Bougis, 1959 Rondelet’s ray
Raja rouxi Capapé, 1977
Raja stellulata Jordan & Gilbert, 1880 Starry skate
Raja straeleni Poll, 1951 Biscuit skate
Raja texana Chandler, 1921 Roundel skate
Raja undulata Lacepède, 1802 Undulate ray
Raja velezi Chirichigno F., 1973 Velez ray
Raja whitleyi Iredale, 1938 Wedgenose skate
Rajella annandalei (Weber, 1913) Annandale’s skate
Rajella barnardi (Norman, 1935) Bigthorn skate
Rajella bathyphila (Holt & Byrne, 1908). Deepwater ray
Rajella bigelowi (Stehmann, 1978) Bigelow’s ray
Rajella caudaspinosa (von Bonde & Swart, 1923) Munchkin skate
Rajella dissimilis (Hulley, 1970) Ghost skate
Rajella eisenhardti Long & McCosker, 1999
Rajella fuliginea (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1954) Sooty skate
Rajella fyllae (Lütken, 1887) Round ray
Rajella kukujevi (Dolganov, 1985) Mid-Atlantic skate
Rajella leopardus (von Bonde & Swart, 1923) Leopard skate
Rajella nigerrima (de Buen, 1960) Blackish skate
Rajella purpuriventralis (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1962) Purplebelly skate
Rajella ravidula (Hulley, 1970) Smoothback skate
Rajella sadowskii (Krefft & Stehmann, 1974) Brazilian skate
Rhinoraja kujiensis (Tanaka, 1916) Dapple-bellied softnose skate
Rhinoraja longi Raschi & McEachran, 1991 Aleutian dotted skate
Rhinoraja longicauda Ishiyama, 1952 White-bellied softnose skate
Rhinoraja obtusa (Gill & Townsend, 1897) Blunt skate
Rhinoraja odai Ishiyama, 1958 Oda’s skate
Rhinoraja taranetzi Dolganov, 1985 Mud skate
Rioraja agassizii (Müller & Henle, 1841) Rio skate
Rostroraja alba (Lacepède, 1803) Bottlenosed skate
Sinobatis kotlyari – MATTHIAS F. W. STEHMANN, SIMON WEIGMANN 2016
Sympterygia acuta Garman, 1877 Bignose fanskate
Sympterygia bonapartii Müller & Henle, 1841 Smallnose fanskate
Sympterygia brevicaudata (Cope, 1877) Shorttail fanskate
Sympterygia lima (Poeppig, 1835) Filetail fanskate
Order RHINOBATIFORMES - Guitarfish
Family PLATYRHINIDAE – Thornback Rays
Platyrhina hyugaensis (Iwatsuki, Miyamoto and Nakaya, 2011) Hyuga Fanray
Platyrhina psomadakisi (white and Last, 2016) Indian Fanray
Platyrhina sinensis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Chinese Fanray
Platyrhina tangi (Iwatsuki, Zhang and Nakaya, 2011) Yellowspotted Fanray
Platyrhinoidis triseriata Jordan & Gilbert, 1880 Thornback guitarfish
Family RHINOBATIDAE – Guitarfishes
Aptychotrema bougainvillii Müller & Henle, 1841 Short-snouted shovelnose ray
Aptychotrema rostrata Shaw & Nodder, 1794 East Australian shovelnose ray
Aptychotrema vincentiana Haacke, 1885 Western shovelnose ray
Glaucostegus granulatus Cuvier, 1829 Sharpnose guitarfish
Glaucostegus halavi Forsskål, 1775 Halavi’s guitarfish
Glaucostegus typus Bennett, 1830 Giant shovelnose ray
Rhinobatos albomaculatus Norman, 1930 White-spotted guitarfish
Rhinobatos annandalei Norman, 1926 Annandale’s guitarfish
Rhinobatos annulatus Müller & Henle, 1841 Lesser sandshark
Rhinobatos blochii Müller & Henle, 1841 Bluntnose guitarfish
Rhinobatos cemiculus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817 Blackchin guitarfish
Rhinobatos formosensis Norman, 1926 Taiwan guitarfish
Rhinobatos glaucostigma Jordan & Gilbert, 1883 Speckled guitarfish
Rhinobatos holcorhynchus Norman, 1922 Slender guitarfish
Rhinobatos horkelii Müller & Henle, 1841 Brazilian guitarfish
Rhinobatos hynnicephalus Richardson, 1846 Angel fish
Rhinobatos irvineiNorman 1931 Spineback guitarfish
Rhinobatos lentiginosus Garman, 1880 Atlantic guitarfish
Rhinobatos leucorhynchus Günther, 1867 Whitesnout guitarfish
Rhinobatos leucospilus Norman, 1926 Grayspottted guitarfish
Rhinobatos lionotus Norman, 1926 Smoothback guitarfish
Rhinobatos microphthalmus Teng, 1959 Smalleyed guitarfish
Rhinobatos obtusus Müller & Henle, 1841 Widenose guitarfish
Rhinobatos ocellatus Norman, 1926 Speckled guitarfish
Rhinobatos percellens Walbaum, 1792 Chola guitarfish
Rhinobatos petiti Chabanaud, 1929 Madagascar guitarfish
Rhinobatos planiceps Garman, 1880 Pacific guitarfish
Rhinobatos prahli Acero P. & Franke, 1995 Gorgona guitarfish
Rhinobatos productus Ayres, 1854 Shovelnose guitarfish
Rhinobatos punctifer Compagno & Randall, 1987 Spotted guitarfish
Rhinobatos rhinobatos Linnaeus, 1758 Common guitarfish
Rhinobatos salalah Randall & Compagno, 1995 Salalah guitarfish
Rhinobatos schlegelii Müller & Henle, 1841 Yellow guitarfish
Rhinobatos spinosus Günther, 1870 Spiny guitarfish
Rhinobatos thouin Anonymous, 1798 Clubnose guitarfish
Rhinobatos variegatus Nair & Lal Mohan, 1973 Stripenose guitarfish
Rhinobatos zanzibarensis Norman, 1926 Zanzibar guitarfish
Tarsistes philippii Jordan, 1919 No common name. Known from one dried head from Chile
Trygonorrhina fasciata Müller & Henle, 1841 Southern fiddler
Trygonorrhina melaleuca Scott, 1954 Magpie fiddler ray
Zanobatus schoenleinii Müller & Henle, 1841 Striped panray
Zapteryx brevirostris Müller & Henle, 1841 Lesser guitarfish
Zapteryx exasperata Jordan & Gilbert, 1880 Banded guitarfish
Zapteryx xyster Jordan & Evermann, 1896
Family RHYNCHOBATIDAE – Sharkfin Guitarfishes
Rhina ancylostoma Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Bowmouth Guitarfish
Rhynchobatus australiae Whitley, 1939 Whitespotted wedgefish
Rhynchobatus djiddensis Forsskål, 1775 Giant guitarfish
Rhynchobatus immaculatus PETER R. LAST1, HSUAN-CHING HO2,3,* & ROU-RONG CHEN3 2013
Rhynchobatus laevis Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Smooth nose wedgefish
Rhynchobatus luebberti Ehrenbaum, 1915 African wedgefish
Order TORPEDINIFORMES - Electric rays
Family HYPNIDAE – Coffin Rays
Hypnos monopterygium – Australian numbfish or Coffin ray.
Family NARCINIDAE – Electric Rays
Benthobatis kreffti – Brazilian blind electric ray
Benthobatis marcida – blind torpedo (occurs below 200m depth)
Diplobatis colombiensis – Colombian electric ray
Diplobatis guamachensis – Brownband numbfish
Diplobatis ommata – Bulls-eye electric ray
Diplobatis pictus – Painted electric ray
Discopyge tschudii – Pacific Apron Ray
Discopyge castelloi – Atlantic apron ray. Possibly synonymous with D.tschudii
Heteronarce garmani – Natal electric ray
Narcine bancroftii – Lesser electric ray
Narcine brasiliensis – Brazilian electric ray
Narcine brevilabiata – (Offshore species found on continental tropical waters, known from a depth of 49 m).
Narcine brunnea – Brown numbfish (Continental waters)
Narcine entemedor – Giant electric ray
Narcine insolita – Madagascar numbfish
Narcine lasti – Western numbfish
Narcine leoparda – Leopard electric ray
Narcine lingula (found in continental waters both inshore and offshore).
Narcine nelsoni – Eastern numbfish
Narcine oculifera – Bigeye electric ray
Narcine ornata – Ornate numbfish
Narcine prodorsalis – (Continental waters both inshore and offshore. Known from a depth of 49m).
Narcine rierai – Slender electric ray
Narcine tasmaniensis – Tasmanian numbfish
Narcine timlei – Spotted numbfish (Continental waters, inshore and offshore).
Narcine vermiculatus – Vermiculate electric ray (Benthic on soft bottoms in protected coastal areas).
Narcine westraliensis – Banded numbfish
Family NARKIDAE – Sleeper Rays
Electrolux addisoni – Ornate sleeper-ray
Heteronarce bentuviai – Elat electric ray
Heteronarce garmani – Natal electric ray
Narke capensis – Onefin electric ray
Narke dipterygia – Numbray
Narke japonica – Japanese sleeper ray.
Temera hardwickii – Pari karas (Malay/Indonesian. Found inshore and offshore)
Typhlonarke aysoni – Blind electric ray
Typhlonarke tarakea – Oval electric ray
Family TORPEDINIDAE – Torpedo Rays
Tetronarce californica – Pacific electric ray
Tetronarce cowleyi – Cowley’s torpedo ray
Tetronarce fairchildi – New Zealand torpedo
Tetronarce formosa – Taiwan torpedo
Tetronarce macneilli – Shorttail torpedo
Tetronarce mackayana – West African torpedo ray
Tetronarce nobiliana – Atlantic torpedo
Tetronarce panthera – Panther electric ray
Tetronarce puelcha – Argentine torpedo
Tetronarce tokionis – Trapezoid torpedo
Torpedo adenensis – Aden Gulf torpedo
Torpedo alexandrinsis – Alexandrine torpedo
Torpedo andersoni – Florida torpedo
Torpedo bauchotae – Rosette torpedo
Torpedo fuscomaculata – Black-spotted torpedo
Torpedo marmorata – Marbled electric ray
Torpedo microdiscus – Smalldisk torpedo
Torpedo peruana – Peruvian torpedo
Torpedo semipelagica – Semipelagic torpedo
Torpedo sinuspersici – Variable torpedo
Torpedo suessii – Steindachner, 1898
Torpedo torpedo – Common torpedo
Torpedo tremens – Chilean torpedo
Subclass Holocephali – Chimaeras
Order CHIMAERIFORMES - Chimaeras
Family CALLORHINCHIDAE – Plownose Chimaeras
Callorhinchus callorynchus (elephantfish)
Callorhinchus capensis (elephantfish)
Callorhinchus milii (elephantfish) Occurs on continental shelves of cool temperate areas of Australia and New Zealand to depths of at least 200 m. Migrates into large estuaries and inshore bays in spring to breed.
Family CHIMAERIDAE – Shortnose Chimaeras
Chimaera argiloba – Last, W. T. White & Pogonoski, 2008 (Whitefin chimaera)
Chimaera bahamaensis – Kemper, Ebert, Didier & Compagno, 2010 (Bahamas ghostshark)
Chimaera cubana – Howell-Rivero, 1936 (Cuban chimaera)
Chimaera fulva – Didier, Last & W. T. White, 2008 (Southern chimaera)
Chimaera jordani – S. Tanaka (I), 1905 (Jordan’s chimaera)
Chimaera lignaria – Didier, 2002 (Carpenter’s chimaera)
Chimaera macrospina – Didier, Last & W. T. White, 2008 (Longspine chimaera)
Chimaera monstrosa – Linnaeus, 1758 (Rabbitfish)
Chimaera notafricana – Kemper, Ebert, Compagno & Didier, 2010 (Cape chimaera)
Chimaera obscura – Didier, Last & W. T. White, 2008 (Shortspine chimaera)
Chimaera owstoni – S. Tanaka (I), 1905 (Owston’s chimaera)
Chimaera panthera – Didier, 1998 (Leopard chimaera)
Chimaera phantasma – D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1900 (Silver chimaera)
Chimaera cf. sp. – E Last & Stevens, 1994; White et al. 2006 (Lombok chimaera)
Hydrolagus affinis – (Brito Capello, 1868) (Small-eyed rabbitfish)
Hydrolagus africanus – (Gilchrist, 1922) (African chimaera)Hydrolagus alberti Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951 (Gulf chimaera)
Hydrolagus alphus – Quaranta, Didier, Long & Ebert, 2006
Hydrolagus barbouri – (Garman, 1908) (Ninespot chimaera)
Hydrolagus bemisi – Didier, 2002 (Pale ghost shark)
Hydrolagus colliei – (Lay & E. T. Bennett, 1839) (Spotted ratfish)
Hydrolagus deani – (H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1912) (Philippine chimaera)
Hydrolagus eidolon – (D. S. Jordan & C. L. Hubbs, 1925)
Hydrolagus homonycteris – Didier, 2008 (Black ghostshark)
Hydrolagus lemures – (Whitley, 1939) (Bight ghostshark)
Hydrolagus lusitanicus – T. Moura, I. M. R. Figueiredo, Bordalo-Machado, C. Almeida & Gordo, 2005 (Portuguese rabbitfish)
Hydrolagus macrophthalmus – F. de Buen, 1959 (Bigeye chimaera)
Hydrolagus marmoratus – Didier, 2008 (Marbled ghostshark)
Hydrolagus matallanasi – Soto & Vooren, 2004 (Striped rabbitfish)
Hydrolagus mccoskeri – L. A. K. Barnett, Didier, Long & Ebert, 2006 (Galápagos ghostshark)
Hydrolagus melanophasma – K. C. James, Ebert, Long & Didier, 2009 (Eastern Pacific black ghostshark)
Hydrolagus mirabilis – (Collett, 1904) (Large-eyed rabbitfish)
Hydrolagus mitsukurii – (D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1904) (Spookfish)
Hydrolagus novaezealandiae – (Fowler, 1911) (Dark ghostshark)
Hydrolagus ogilbyi – (Waite, 1898) (Ogilby’s ghostshark)
Hydrolagus pallidus – Hardy & Stehmann, 1990 (Pale chimaera)
Hydrolagus purpurescens – (C. H. Gilbert, 1905) (Purple chimaera)
Hydrolagus trolli – Didier & Séret, 2002 (Pointy-nosed blue chimaera)
Hydrolagus waitei – Fowler, 1907
Hydrolagus sp. – D/G (Giant black chimaera)
Hydrolagus sp. – F (Peruvian rabbitfish)
Family RHINCHIMAERIDAE – Longnose Chimaeras
Harriotta haeckeli (Smallspine spookfish) North Atlantic, taken in 1800-2600 m; specimens collected by Russian vessels from submarine seamounts of the Indian Ocean in 1400-1730 m; off St. Helens (Tasmania) in 1480-1700 m.
Harriotta raleighana (bentnose rabbitfish)
Neoharriotta carri – Bullis and Carpenter (Dwarf Sicklefin Chimaera).
Neoharriotta pinnata – Schnakenbeck, 1931 (Sicklefin Chimaera).
Neoharriotta pumila – Didier & Stehmann, 1996 (Arabian Sicklefin Chimaera).
Rhinochimaera africana (Paddle-nose chimaera)
Rhinochimaera atlantica (Knifenose chimaera)
Rhinochimaera pacifica (Pacific spookfish)