Cortez Round Stingray: Urobatis maculatus

Family: Urotrygonidae

Common name(s)

Cortez Round Stingray, Spotted Round Ray.

Identification

A small to medium sized round stingray with a sub-circular disc that is approximately equal in width and length. Snout bluntly angular. Anterior margins of disc almost straight towards snout tip, apices evenly rounded. Disc completely smooth. Pelvic fins broadly triangular with rounded posterior margins, lengths greatly exceeding width.
Eyes small; orbit length 0.3-0.38 x snout length. Mouth weakly arched. Nasal curtain skirt-shaped. Nostrils slit-like.
Tail short and broad based, anteriorly depressed. Lateral skin folds most prominent anterior to caudal sting. Tail length 49-53% of total length. Caudal sting short, length approximately equal to caudal fin. Caudal fin short and high, with a high upper lobe and a bluntly rounded posterior margin that is sometimes indented in juveniles.

Colour

Dorsal coloration somewhat variable. Generally yellowish-brown to grey-brown with numerous symmetrically positioned, dark, roughly eye-sized spots, and subtle, underlying concentric rings and thin bands that form a vaguely honeycomb-like pattern. Occasionally symmetrical pattern is augmented with or replaced by randomly scattered smaller dark spots and flecks. Ventrum usually white with a dark margin posterior to mouth level and ventrally on tail.

Size

Total length 42cm. Length at birth unknown.

Habitat

Tropical/subtropical seas. Found in shallow sandy bays and on reef rubble from close inshore to 30m.

Distribution

Eastern Pacific. The Cortez round stingray is found from Bahia Sebastian Vizcaino, Baja California, to Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico, including the Gulf of California.

Conservation Status

LEAST CONCERN

The Spotted Round Ray is captured in demersal industrial shrimp trawl fisheries and in artisanal gillnets, which operate throughout its range. Although often discarded alive, fishermen avoid the spine by cutting it off, but in many cases they cut the tail off which results in a high level of mortality (Bizzarro et al. 2007). In the Gulf of California shrimp trawl fishery, this species is captured frequently (Rábago-Quiroz et al. 2012). Shrimp trawl fisheries off Mazatlan have been noted for overcapacity and declining catches (Foster and Vincent 2010). Although there are interactions with fisheries throughout its range, this ray is often discarded alive and, and given its continued relative abundance, is likely productive enough to withstand some fishing pressure.

Citation

Pollom, R., Bizzarro, J., Burgos-Vázquez, M.I., Avalos, C., Herman, K., Pérez Jiménez, J.C. & Sosa-Nishizaki, O. 2020. Urobatis maculatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T60110A124439208. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T60110A124439208.en. Downloaded on 03 April 2021.

Reproduction

Aplacental viviparous. Litter size unknown.

Diet

Small benthic invertebrates such as worms and crustaceans.

Behavior

Congregates seasonally in large numbers in the southern Sea of Cortez.

Reaction to divers

Generally skittish. Likely to move away once discovered but sometimes initially tolerant if approached carefully.

Diving logistics

Cortez round stingrays are extremely common in shallow bays on the Baja side of the Sea of Cortez.

During the summer months, while snorkelling off the beach near the lighthouse in Mulege, I encountered five individuals within about ten minutes. They are also commonly seen in this area whilst scuba diving in less than 20m.

The beaches south of Mulege are also excellent places to encounter Cortez round stingrays.

At Playa El Burro in October, I encountered many (perhaps a hundred or more) in less than 3m of water.

At Playa Conception in February, I found hundreds of Cortez Round Stingrays over the course of three days. The water temp was a chilly 65 degrees.